CVE-2025-31161
CrushFTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability is confirmed as actively exploited and is listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Required action
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
CISA notes
https://www.crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161
Description
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HExploitation Context
as of October 13, 2026- CISA added CVE-2025-31161 to the KEV catalog 4 days after its CVE record was published. The median for entries added in 2025 is 26 days.
- It is one of 3 CrushFTP entries in the CISA KEV catalog, and one of 2 added in 2025.
- Its current EPSS score (100.0%) is higher than that of 95% of CISA KEV entries.
Affected Products
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions |
|---|---|---|
| CrushFTP | CrushFTP CrushFTP | 10 to <10.8.4 11 to <11.3.1 |
References
9 Links- https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/
- https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo
- https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass
- https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation
- https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation
- https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis
- https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/
- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability
- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability
Record Details
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CVE record data © The MITRE Corporation, used under the CVE Terms of Use. Exploited-in-the-wild data from the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (CC0). Exploit prediction scores by FIRST EPSS (first.org/epss). This site is not endorsed or certified by MITRE, NVD, CISA, or FIRST.